2024 T351 Aluminum Plate

2024-T351 aluminum plate is a high-strength, highly durable aluminum alloy sheet widely used in aerospace, transportation, and other structural components where high strength and resistance to metal fatigue are critical. It is a specific temper of 2024 aluminum, which undergoes a series of precise heat treatment and stress-relief processes, providing excellent mechanical properties and durability.

2024-T351 aluminum alloy is a typical high-strength alloy in the Al-Cu-Mg system and is one of the most widely used alloys among high-strength aluminum. This alloy has excellent overall performance, especially in strength, toughness, and fatigue properties, and is widely used in aerospace and other high-performance demanding fields.

2024-T351 belongs to the 2000 series alloys. The T351 designation indicates that the material has undergone solution heat treatment, stress relief by stretching, and then natural aging.

2024-T351 aluminum

What is 2024 T351 aluminum?

2024 T351 aluminum is a high-strength alloy that has undergone solution heat treatment, stress relief, and natural aging. It is suitable for applications requiring high strength and fatigue resistance, such as aircraft structures, military vehicles, and other high-performance applications.

Solution Heat Treatment: The 2024 aluminum alloy is heated to a specific temperature to ensure that the alloying elements dissolve uniformly, placing it in a high-temperature state.
Stress Relief: The 2024 aluminum plate is stretched to a certain extent to relieve internal stresses. The amount of stretching varies depending on the product form (such as thin sheets, plates, bars, or forgings). Stress relief helps improve the uniformity and stability of the alloy, reducing deformation during later processing.
Natural Aging: After solution heat treatment, the 2024 aluminum alloy naturally ages at room temperature, further enhancing its strength and hardness.

2024 T351 Chemical Composition

Element	Cu	Mg	Si	Fe	Mn	Zn	Cr	Ti	Al
Content (%)	3.8-4.9	1.2-1.8	≤0.50	≤0.50	0.3-0.9	≤0.25	≤0.10	≤0.15	Balance

2024 T351 Physical Properties

Density: 2.78 g/cm³, approximately 65% lighter than steel, offering excellent lightweight advantage
Melting Point: approximately 640°C
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion: 23.1×10⁻⁶/K (20-100°C)
Elastic Modulus: 73 GPa (approx. 10.6 Msi)
Low-Temperature Toughness: Maintains high strength and toughness even in low-temperature environments, making it especially suitable for extreme temperature applications

2024 T351 Aluminum Informations

Property	Description
Alloy	2024
Temper	T351 (Solution Heat Treatment + Stress Relief + Natural Aging)
Solution Heat Treatment	The 2024 aluminum alloy is heated to a specific temperature to ensure that the alloying elements dissolve uniformly.
Stress Relief	The aluminum alloy plate is stretched to a certain extent to relieve internal stresses. The amount of stretching depends on the product form (such as thin sheets, plates, bars, or forgings).
Natural Aging	After solution heat treatment, the aluminum alloy naturally ages at room temperature, increasing its strength and hardness.
Metal Fatigue Resistance	Extremely strong resistance to metal fatigue, capable of withstanding long-term repetitive loads and high-stress environments without fracturing.
Corrosion Resistance	Fair, typically requiring additional coatings to enhance corrosion resistance.
Main Applications	Aerospace (aircraft fuselage, wing structures, etc.), automotive (high-performance cars, racing engine components, etc.), military (high-strength structural parts), etc.
Machinability	Good machinability, but due to its high strength, more advanced equipment may be needed for machining.
Weldability	Special attention is needed during welding to control the heat-affected zone and avoid stress concentration.
Main Advantages	High strength, excellent metal fatigue resistance, suitable for structural components subjected to high stress and repeated loads.

2024-T351 Aluminum Properties

2024 T351 aluminum combines high strength with excellent fatigue resistance, making it an ideal choice for structural components in high-stress applications, especially in aerospace. While it has moderate corrosion resistance, proper corrosion protection can be applied.

Property	Description
Strength	2024-T351 aluminum alloy has high strength due to its higher copper content, especially when compared to other aluminum alloys.
Fatigue Resistance	The alloy exhibits excellent fatigue resistance, making it suitable for structural components subjected to repetitive loads, such as aircraft structures.
Lightweight	With a density of 2.78 g/cm³, it is relatively light, making it ideal for applications where weight is a critical factor, particularly in aerospace.
Corrosion Resistance	Although 2024-T351 is strong, it is more susceptible to corrosion than other aluminum alloys. It is often used with a protective coating or cladding (a layer of pure aluminum).
Machinability	It has good machinability, but due to its higher strength, it may be more difficult to machine than other lower-strength alloys.
Application Suitability	Mainly used in aerospace (aircraft fuselage, wings), military, and automotive industries, especially in applications requiring high strength, fatigue resistance, and low weight.

2024 T351 Product Forms and Specifications

Main Product Forms of 2024 T351

2024 T351 Plate/Sheet

Thin Plate/Sheet: typically 0.125" to 0.5" thick
Medium Plate: 0.5" to 1.5" thick
Thick Plate: thicker than 1.5"

2024 T351 Rod/Bar

Round Bar: diameters from 1/8" to 6"
Square Bar: side lengths from 1/2" to 4"
Hexagon Bar: distance across flats from 1/2" to 4"

2024 T351 Tube/Pipe

Seamless Tube
Welded Tube
Precision Tube

Special Shapes

Ordinary Wire
Rivet Wire
Extruded Profiles: custom cross-sectional shapes
Forgings

Typical Specifications of 2024 T351

2024 T351 Plate/Sheet Specifications

Thickness: 0.032" to 4.0"
Width: typically 48" or 60"
Length: typically 96", 120", or 144"
Tolerances: in accordance with AMS-QQ-A-250/5 or AMS-QQ-A-250/4 standards

2024 T351 Rod/Bar Specifications

Diameter: 0.125" to 6.0"
Straightness: no more than 0.010" per foot
Surface Finish: cold-finished surface roughness typically 125-200 μin

2024 T351 Tube/Pipe Specifications

Outer Diameter: 0.250" to 6.0"
Wall Thickness: 0.020" to 0.500"
Length: typically 12' or 20'

2024 T351 Supply Tempers

T351: Solution heat-treated, stress-relieved by stretching, and naturally aged; suitable for thick plates
T3510: Solution heat-treated, stress-relieved by stretching, and naturally aged; suitable for rolled or cold-finished bars
T3511: Solution heat-treated, stress-relieved by stretching, and naturally aged; suitable for die forgings, forged rings, or rolled rings

2024 T351 Surface Treatments

Bare Aluminum Surface: Retains the original state of 2024 aluminum alloy without any additional treatment; suitable for applications where corrosion resistance is not critical but high strength needs to be fully utilized.
Anodizing: Forms an oxide layer on the surface through electrochemical processing, enhancing corrosion and wear resistance of 2024 T351. However, due to the high copper content (approximately 4.4%), the oxide film is porous and prone to "burning" defects caused by electrolytic heating, usually appearing in a darker color.
Painting or Coating: Covers the surface with organic coatings (e.g., powder coating, electrophoretic paint) to provide additional corrosion protection and decorative effects, especially suitable for high-humidity or outdoor environments.
Alclad Treatment: Covers the 2024 T351 substrate with a layer of pure aluminum (e.g., 1050, 1100) or 3003 aluminum alloy (approximately 1.5% thick), significantly enhancing corrosion resistance through electrochemical protection; widely used in aerospace structural components and other harsh environments.

2024 T351 Manufacturing Standards and Specifications

2024-T351 aluminum alloy products generally comply with the following standards:

ASTM B209: Standard specification for aluminum and aluminum-alloy sheet, strip, and plate
ASTM B210: Standard specification for aluminum and aluminum-alloy seamless pipe and tube
ASTM B211: Standard specification for aluminum and aluminum-alloy bars, rods, and shapes
AMS 4037: Aluminum and aluminum-alloy sheet, strip, and plate, 2024-T351
AMS 4120: Aluminum and aluminum-alloy bars, rods, and shapes, 2024-T351
AMS 4462: Aluminum and aluminum-alloy sheet, strip, and plate, 2024-T3
QQ-A-250/5: Aluminum and aluminum-alloy sheet, strip, and plate
QQ-A-250/4: Aluminum and aluminum-alloy sheet, strip, and plate

Haomei Aluminum 2024 T351 Supplied Forms

Aluminum Round Bar 2024-T351-Cold Finish
Aluminum Plate 2024-T351
2024 T351 Aluminum Flat Bar

Aluminum Round Bar 2024-T351-Cold Finish

Aluminum Round Bar 2024-T351-Cold Finish refers to 2024 aluminum alloy in T351 temper, produced as a solid round bar and finished through cold working. The cold working process further improves surface smoothness and dimensional accuracy.

Applications: This product is commonly used for shaft components, high-strength connectors, fasteners, and other high-stress structural parts with a round cross-section in the aerospace industry.
Features: High strength, excellent fatigue resistance, moderate machinability, good resistance to stress corrosion cracking, high surface finish, and excellent dimensional stability.

Aluminum Plate 2024-T351

This refers to the 2024 aluminum alloy in the T351 temper as a flat, thick, or solid plate. 2024 aluminum is known for its high strength and excellent fatigue resistance, making it ideal for aerospace and military applications. The T351 temper is achieved through solution heat treatment followed by stretching, which enhances its mechanical properties, such as improved yield strength and stress resistance.

Applications: This product is commonly used in aerospace structures, aircraft skins, wing and fuselage components, and other high-stress structural parts.
Properties: High strength, excellent fatigue resistance, moderate machinability, and good stress-corrosion cracking resistance.

2024 T351 Aluminum Flat Bar

2024 T351 Aluminum Flat Bar refers to 2024 aluminum alloy in T351 temper, produced as a solid flat bar.

Applications: This product is commonly used for structural brackets, high-strength connectors, guide rail components, and other high-stress structural parts requiring a flat cross-section in the aerospace industry.
Features: High strength, excellent fatigue resistance, moderate machinability, good resistance to stress corrosion cracking, strong adaptability of cross-sectional shape, and reliable dimensional stability.

Aluminum 2024 T351 Material Data Sheet

Physical Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Density	2.78 g/cc	0.1 lb/in³	AA; Typical
Mechanical Properties
Hardness, Brinell	120	120	AA; Typical; 500 g load; 10 mm ball
Hardness, Knoop	150	150	Converted from Brinell Hardness Value
Hardness, Rockwell A	46.8	46.8	Converted from Brinell Hardness Value
Hardness, Rockwell B	75	75	Converted from Brinell Hardness Value
Hardness, Vickers	137	137	Converted from Brinell Hardness Value
Ultimate Tensile Strength	469 MPa	68000 psi	AA; Typical
Tensile Yield Strength	324 MPa	47000 psi	AA; Typical
Elongation at Break	19 %	19 %	AA; Typical; 1/2 in. (12.7 mm) Diameter
Elongation at Break	20 %	20 %	AA; Typical; 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) Thickness
Modulus of Elasticity	73.1 GPa	10600 ksi	AA; Typical; Average of tension and compression. Compression modulus is about 2% greater than tensile modulus.
Ultimate Bearing Strength	814 MPa	118000 psi	Edge distance/pin diameter = 2.0
Bearing Yield Strength	441 MPa	64000 psi	Edge distance/pin diameter = 2.0
Poisson's Ratio	0.33	0.33
Fatigue Strength	138 MPa	20000 psi	AA; 500,000,000 cycles completely reversed stress; RR Moore machine/specimen
Fracture Toughness	26 MPa-m½	23.7 ksi-in½	K(IC) in S-L Direction
Fracture Toughness	32 MPa-m½	29.1 ksi-in½	K(IC) in T-L Direction
Fracture Toughness	37 MPa-m½	33.7 ksi-in½	K(IC) in L-T Direction
Machinability	70 %	70 %	0-100 Scale of Aluminum Alloys
Shear Modulus	28 GPa	4060 ksi
Shear Strength	283 MPa	41000 psi	AA; Typical
Electrical Properties
Electrical Resistivity	5.82e-006 ohm-cm	5.82e-006 ohm-cm	AA; Typical at 68°F
Thermal Properties
CTE, linear 68°F	23.2 µm/m-°C	12.9 µin/in-°F	AA; Typical; Average over 68-212°F range.
CTE, linear 250°C	24.7 µm/m-°C	13.7 µin/in-°F	Average over the range 20-300ºC
Specific Heat Capacity	0.875 J/g-°C	0.209 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity	121 W/m-K	840 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F	AA; Typical at 77°F
Melting Point	502 - 638 °C	935 - 1180 °F	AA; Typical range based on typical composition for wrought products 1/4 inch thickness or greater. Eutectic melting is not eliminated by homogenization.
Solidus	502 °C	935 °F	AA; Typical
Liquidus	638 °C	1180 °F	AA; Typical
Processing Properties
Annealing Temperature	413 °C	775 °F
Solution Temperature	256 °C	493 °F

2024 T351 Applications

2024 T351 Aerospace Applications

2024 T351 is widely used in the aerospace field, especially in aircraft structures such as wings and fuselage, as well as other high-strength applications such as gears, shafts, and fasteners.

Aircraft Structural Components:

Wing skin and structural framework
Fuselage frames and bulkheads
Tail and control surface structures
Floor beams and floor support structures

Aircraft Interiors:

Seat frames and structural components
Overhead luggage compartment structures
Interior decorative panel support structures

Other Applications of 2024 T351

Automotive and Transportation

Racing/high-performance vehicles
Commercial vehicles
Rail transportation
Marine vessels

Industrial and Machinery

Mold manufacturing
Precision machinery
Hydraulic systems
Power transmission

Construction and Infrastructure

Building structures
Decorative applications
Infrastructure projects
Marine environments

Other Specialized Fields

Medical equipment
Optics/photography
Watches/precision instruments
Energy industry

2024 T351 Advantages and Disadvantages

2024 T351 Advantages

High strength-to-weight ratio; one of the strongest aluminum alloys
Excellent fatigue performance and fracture toughness
Superior machinability
Maintains strength well at temperatures above 125°C
Mature manufacturing processes and supply chain

2024 T351 Disadvantages

Poor corrosion resistance; requires special protective treatments
Poor weldability; usually requires riveting or mechanical fastening
Significant anisotropy; performance varies with direction
Sensitive to stress concentration
Relatively high cost

2024 T351 Comparative Analysis with Similar Products

Comparison of 2024 T351 with Other 2024 Series Tempers

The 2024 series aluminum alloys include multiple tempers, among which T3 and T4 are most relevant to T351. The main difference between T351 and T3 is that T351 is suitable for thick plates and stress-relieved, stretched products, eliminating internal stresses and improving dimensional stability, making it especially suitable for large structural components that require machining.

Performance Index	2024-T3	2024-T351	2024-T4
Tensile Strength (MPa)	400-430	470	400-430
Yield Strength (MPa)	270-280	325	270-280
Elongation (%)	10-15	10-15	10-15
Typical Applications	Thin plates, structural components	Thick plates, large structural components	General structural components

Comparison of 2024 T351 and 7075-T6 Aluminum Alloy

7075-T6 is another high-strength aluminum alloy, often compared with 2024-T351.

Performance Index	2024-T351	7075-T6
Tensile Strength (MPa)	470	500-570
Yield Strength (MPa)	325	480-505
Elongation (%)	10-15	5-11
Hardness (HB)	120-145	150
Density (g/cm³)	2.78	2.80
Corrosion Resistance	Poor, requires protective treatment	Moderate, requires protective treatment
Cost	Moderate	High

Advantages:

2024-T351 has better fatigue performance and fracture toughness
2024-T351 maintains strength better than 7075 at temperatures above 125°C
2024-T351 has slightly better machinability than 7075
2024-T351 is lower in cost compared to 7075

Disadvantages:

7075 has higher room-temperature strength, especially yield strength
7075 exhibits better stress-corrosion cracking resistance
7075 has superior hardenability compared to 2024-T351
7075 performs slightly better than 2024 at low temperatures
Comparison of 2024 T351 with 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy

Comparison with 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy

6061-T6 is a medium-strength aluminum alloy, widely used for general structural purposes.

Performance Index	2024-T351	6061-T6
Tensile Strength (MPa)	470	290-310
Yield Strength (MPa)	325	276
Elongation (%)	10-15	10-12
Hardness (HB)	120-145	95
Density (g/cm³)	2.78	2.70
Corrosion Resistance	Poor, requires protective treatment	Good, no special treatment required
Weldability	Poor, prone to cracking	Good, suitable for various welding methods
Cost	High	Low

Advantages:

2024-T351 has significantly higher strength than 6061-T6, with tensile strength approximately 60% higher
2024-T351 exhibits superior fatigue strength and fracture toughness compared to 6061
2024-T351 maintains better performance at high temperatures

Disadvantages:

6061-T6 has significantly better corrosion resistance than 2024-T351
6061-T6 has excellent weldability, while 2024-T351 is difficult to weld
6061-T6 has lower manufacturing costs and is easier to form and machine
6061-T6 has lower anisotropy, providing more uniform performance

Comparison of 2024-T351 and 2124-T851 Aluminum Alloy

Performance Index	2024-T351	2124-T851
Tensile Strength (MPa)	470	485-515
Yield Strength (MPa)	325	420-450
Elongation (%)	10-15	8-12
Exfoliation Corrosion Resistance	Poor	Good
Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance	Poor	Good
Cost	Moderate	High

Advantages:

2024-T351 has better toughness and fracture toughness than 2124-T851
2024-T351 has better machinability, especially in cold working
2024-T351 is lower in cost compared to 2124-T851

Disadvantages:

2124-T851 has higher strength, especially yield strength
2124-T851 has significantly better corrosion resistance than 2024-T351
2124-T851 has superior exfoliation corrosion and stress corrosion cracking resistance
2124-T851 has better stability at high temperatures